Intraparietal sulcus monkey neurophysiology posterior parietal prefrontal. Although distinct processes mediate the guidance of attention based on bottom-up and top-down factors, a common neural apparatus, the frontoparietal network, is essential in both types of attentional processes. Attention affects the mean neuronal firing rate as well as its variability and correlation across neurons. Over the past few years, insights on the neural circuits and mechanisms of bottom-up and top-down attention have been gained through neurophysiological experiments. Data-driven Sensory information is relied upon Bottom-up processing does not require any prior learning, so perception is solely determined by stimuli received from one’s environment. Importantly, top-down attention is called sustained, since subjects typically direct their top-down attention at objects, features, or regions in space for. ![]() ![]() Attention can be categorized into two distinct functions: bottom-up attention, referring to attentional guidance purely by externally driven factors to stimuli that are salient because of their inherent properties relative to the background and top-down attention, referring to internal guidance of attention based on prior knowledge, willful plans, and current goals. Bottom-up The process of gathering inputs from our environment to build perceptions by using the sensory information that we have received. The brain is limited in its capacity to process all sensory stimuli present in the physical world at any point in time and relies instead on the cognitive process of attention to focus neural resources according to the contingencies of the moment. The classical view of cortical information processing is that of a bottom-up process in a feedforward hierarchy.
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